Write inline code comments

Add explanatory inline comments to the following code: [Paste code]. Focus exclusively on comments that explain non-obvious intent — why the code is written this way, what business rule or constraint drives a decision, and why a seemingly simpler approach was deliberately not taken. Also mark any sections that are known temporary workarounds with a TODO or FIXME comment explaining what the permanent solution should be. Do not add comments that simply restate what the code does literally.